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BOP – Chapter 5
Andrew Adnan Fortuna
10667652
ITETHIC
THE FORTUNE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE PYRAMID
Book Review: Reducing Corruption: Transaction Governance Capacity
Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Fortune-Bottom-Pyramid-Eradicating-Publishing/dp/0131877291
Quote:
Most developing countries do not fully recognize the real costs of corruption and its impact on private-sector development and poverty alleviation. The capacity to facilitate commercial transactions through a system of laws fairly enforced is critical to the development of the private sector. I call this a nation’s TGC as opposed to TGC within the ecosystem we considered in the previous chapter. In this chapter, we examine the need for and the process by which countries can develop their TGC.
Learning Expectation:
I expect to learn that this chapter will explain itself thoroughly on how reducing corruption is related in putting up a business.
Book Review:
I believe that corruption was suddenly placed in this book because there is also a logical reason behind it that is somewhat related to the people at the bottom of the pyramid. As we all know, the bottom of the pyramid is the biggest part of the pyramid. That means it is where it has the most number of people. If you target the bottom part of the pyramid, and used it to promote anti-corruption, there is a good chance of you dealing with the problem well. Since you have the voice of the majority, it is easier for you to control the minority since they are just the minorities. A good example of this is the first ever people power wherein the people get together in order to persuade Former President Ferdinand E. Marcos to step down. Former President Corazon Aquino was the one who led the people to revolt against Marcos. She has the power on the majority. In our case, the Philippines is a 3rd world country. This means that its majority is mostly the less fortunate. I believe that if you want to have the people in the bottom of the pyramid, you should seek the approval of the less fortunate.
What I Learned:
I learned that it is not just business that people can benefit if you target the bottom of the pyramid. It can also help you reduce corruption since the majority is on your side. If you already have the hearts of the people at the bottom of the pyramid, you are already shaped up. I also learned that in business, corruption may still affect your business, big time!
Integrative Questions:
· What is TGC?
· Does corruption affect businesses?
· Does the BOP help reduce corruption?
· What does the BOP do the reduce corruption?
· What is the Andhra Pradesh experiment?
BOP – Chapter 4
Andrew Adnan Fortuna
10667652
ITETHIC
THE FORTUNE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE PYRAMID
Book Review: The Ecosystem for Wealth Creation
Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Fortune-Bottom-Pyramid-Eradicating-Publishing/dp/0131877291
Quote:
Every developing country has the components of this portfolio. However, the relative importance of the various components of the ecosystem is different across countries. For example the extralegal (those who exist outside the legal system) vegetable sellers in the slums of the San Paulo or Mumbai coexist with global firms such as ford and unilever. The chicken cooperatives and processors such as Sadia in southern Brazil and a local fast food chain such as Habib’s coexist with Kentucky Fried Chicken and McDonalds. Whether it is in Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, or India, a portfolio of these constituents of various ecosystems exists.
Learning Expectation:
To fully understand what the ecosystem for wealth creation mean. I also expect to learn that this will help us readers to become successful when we decide to put up our own business someday.
Book Review:
I believe that this chapter tells us readers that it is very important to follow what is written in this book because this may result into having your very own company become known and may earn lots of money. In order to do so, you should start off by setting your target market to the bottom of the pyramid since they are plenty. Do not worry about placing a high mark up on your product. Just set your target on the bottom of the pyramid and your business is good to go. Of course, you should choose your products first. These products must go well and must be suitable for the people under the pyramid. If your products are not suitable for them, do not expect that your business will grow. Expect that your business will close soon. I believe the right products should be items which are in great demand but very affordable. Examples of products which very ideal to sell to the lower part of the pyramid are hygienic items, food, etc… These products are most likely goes well with the people at the bottom of the pyramid since it is cheap, important and useful.
If I were to put up my own business, my products would be somewhat similar to what Proctol&Gamble sells. Their product is perfect for the bottom of the pyramid because it is cheap and is an everyday necessity.
What I Learned:
I learned that it does not matter if your target market is the higher part of the pyramid because that does not tell whether your business would grow or not. The book even advices us that when we will put up our own business someday, we should target the lower part of the pyramid since it has the biggest population. Even though your products are not that expensive, you will earn more profit when sell many inexpensive items rather than selling less expensive items.
Integrative Questions:
· What is an ecosystem?
· What is the meaning of wealth creation?
· Is it good for a company to focus the market on the lower end of the pyramid?
· Is it not wise to focus the market on the top pyramid?
· What are the benefits of having the bottom part of the pyramid as your target market?
BOP – Chapter 3
Andrew Adnan Fortuna
10667652
ITETHIC
THE FORTUNE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE PYRAMID
Book Review: A Global Opportunity
Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Fortune-Bottom-Pyramid-Eradicating-Publishing/dp/0131877291
Quote:
Involvement in BOP markets will challenge assumptions that managers in MNCs have
developed over a long period of time. A new philosophy of product development and innovation
that reflects the realities of BOP markets will be needed. This philosophy must represent a
different perspective from those that we have grown accustomed to in serving Western markets.
Learning Expectation:
I expect to learn what the title of this chapter meant which is “A Global Opportunity”. I want to know what it does to help a person run a business successfully.
Book Review:
I believe that this chapter is somewhat similar in the first chapter. This chapter also tells us how important for a business to target their market at the bottom of the pyramid since the number of people is in a large amount. Since it is a large number of people, the more people are in need of a product. The more needy people, the more profit you earn. There is this company we studied in our ethics class wherein this company targeted the bottom of the pyramid. This is CEMEX. CEMEX is known for its outstanding and world-class cement. The difference between CEMEX and other cement companies is that, CEMEX sells their products as solutions instead of the ordinary. Their target market is also different from the other cement companies since CEMEX targeted the bottom of the pyramid in a pa reticular place. Because of that, CEMEX grew and become a known throughout the world. Even though they are a huge company now, their market is still open for the bottom part of the pyramid. They have products to sell and services to offer for the people in the bottom of the pyramid.
What I learned:
I learned that it is a very good idea that a company must target the bottom part of the pyramid as their market since it has a big population. As I said above, the larger number of people, the more people are in need of a product. The more needy people, the more profit you earn. It is wise for a company to sell their products to the needy ones.
Integrative Questions:
· What does the book call the process of determining the products and services that big companies should sell and offer?
· Did CEMEX target the bottom part of the pyramid?
· What is a sustainable development?
· How can the BOP be a global opportunity?
· Is it for the betterment of a company to follow the Fortune at Bottom of the Pyramid?
BOP – Chapter 2
Andrew Adnan Fortuna
10667652
ITETHIC
THE FORTUNE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE PYRAMID
Book Review: Products and Services for the BOP
Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Fortune-Bottom-Pyramid-Eradicating-Publishing/dp/0131877291
Quote:
These challenges are not isolated conditions. Involvement in BOP markets will challenge assumptions that managers in MNCs have developed over a long period of time. A new philosophy of product development and innovation that reflects the realities of BOP markets will be needed. This philosophy must represent a different perspective from those that we have grown accustomed to in serving Western markets.
Learning Expectation:
I expect to learn that this chapter will greatly help the readers to determine what products and services are suitable for the people at the bottom of the pyramid.
Book Review:
At the previous chapter, it tells us that targeting your market at the bottom of the pyramid is best. After doing so, this chapter tells us that we should know the products and services that will be a big hit for the people at the bottom of the pyramid in order for the business to be successful. This is very essential for a business because if your products do not go well with your target market, there is a great chance that your business would not last long since not so many people would purchase your product. If you are a person who belongs at the bottom of the pyramid, and you see a store which sells products that are very much expensive, would you even bother to buy or even enter the store perhaps? That is what I believe the chapter is telling us readers.
I believe that the whole book, “The fortune at the bottom of the pyramid” is a guide for the people who are interested in starting their own business. I think that it is a six detailed steps in order for your business to succeed. In this chapter, we already have to steps. First is to target your market at the bottom of the pyramid and secondly, choose products and services which go well with your target market.
What I Learned:
I learned that after selecting that your target market must be the bottom of the pyramid, you should appropriate your products and services based on your target market. I think we need to base our products to our target market so that we the producers would know their dislikes and likes, in order for us to gain profit. We must need to know their wants and needs and they must be satisfied with the products that we produce.
Integrative Questions:
· Is it wise to base your products to your target market?
· What are the products that go well with the people at the BOP?
· What are the services that go well with the people at the BOP?
· What is the step before choosing your products and services?
· What are the 12 BOP Innovative Principles?
BOP – Chapter 1
Andrew Adnan Fortuna
10667652
ITETHIC
THE FORTUNE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE PYRAMID
Book Review: The Market at the Bottom of the Pyramid.
Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Fortune-Bottom-Pyramid-Eradicating-Publishing/dp/0131877291
Quote:
All of us are prisoners of our own socialization. The lenses through which we perceive the world
are colored by our own ideology, experiences, and established management practices. Each one of the groups that is focusing on poverty alleviation- the World Bank, rich countries providing aid, charitable organizations, national governments and the private sector- is conditioned by its own dominant logic. Let us, for example, examine the dominant logic of each group as it approaches the task of eradicating poverty.
Learning Expectation:
To know the deeper meaning of what is the market at the bottom of the pyramid. I want to know what the market symbolizes.
Book Review:
To start off, this chapter basically talks about how a business targets the bottom of the pyramid. I was shocked at first that this book talks about business at all. When I saw the title, there was nothing related to business that entered my mind. I thought that this book was some kind of a fiction story. Anyways, this chapter helps the readers determine who and what their target market are. This chapter tells us readers that it is essential for a business to always begin in the bottom of the pyramid since it has the largest population. For the people who are just starting their business, it is best for them to start at the bottom since it has the most number of people. But of course, your products must suit the people at the bottom of the pyramid.
As a 3rd year college student, it is normal for us to think of our future since it is very soon. I myself am thinking to whether start my own business or work in a big corporation. If I were to start my own business, this book will be a big help for me. This chapter taught me that when I should start, I should first target my market at the bottom part of the pyramid before I think about what products or services I would sell or offer. The book says that there is a good chance that my business will turn out to be successful just as long as I follow the book.
What I learned:
I learned that the bottom of the pyramid is a swell target market since it has the biggest population. The bigger the population, the more profit you earn. I also learned that you should first consider your target market before you choose what products to sell or what services to offer because your target market might not be suitable for your products. It is much better to choose your market first and use that as your basis for your products and services.
Integrative Questions:
· What kind of people are at the bottom of the pyramid?
· Does the bottom of the pyramid a good target market?
· Is it better to choose your target market first?
· Is it good to base your products to your target market?
· What is at the bottom of the pyramid?
Handbook – Chapter 25
Andrew Adnan Fortuna
10667652
ITETHIC
THE HANDBOOK OF INFORMATION AND COMPUTER ETHICS
Book Review: A Gender Agenda in Computer Ethics
Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Handbook-Information-Computer-Ethics/dp/0471799599
Quote:
“The use of a piece of intellectual property without
the copyright holder’s permission
(and therefore against his will) is unfair to that
copyright holder since it violates his
right to determine what is to be done with
that property. And this unfair use of another’s
intellectual property constitutes a form of theft (Grisez, 1997).
Learning Expectation:
To know about email spam and to characterize spam
Book Review:
The basic human goods (including life and health, knowledge, the harmony of friendship and community, and so forth) are basic not because we need them to survive but because we cannot flourish as human beings without them. These goods, which are intrinsic aspects of human well-being and fulfillment, are the primary ends or reasons for action and the ultimate source of normatively.
I believe in this, in the whole world we cannot deny that there are those people who separate themselves or consider themselves as “poor” or “rich” so therefore they are not for those type of people. The way I see it people should not think of that and it must be eliminated. How will we eliminate those things? The rich people must distribute their wealth. The money is not distributed properly therefore many people are not accepting the right amount or sometimes are not accepting anything.
What I learned:
I have learned that there is a line that separates the poor and the rich people. And the way I see it people do not want to accept that all are equal, specially the rich people.
Integrative Question:
· What is gender agenda?
· What are its ethical issues?
· Does gender a big factor in ethics?
· If so, how come?
· Can these be fixed?
Handbook – Chapter 24
Andrew Adnan Fortuna
10667652
ITETHIC
THE HANDBOOK OF INFORMATION AND COMPUTER ETHICS
Book Review: Censorship and Access to Expression
Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Handbook-Information-Computer-Ethics/dp/0471799599
Quote:
However, it will not be quite so easy to show that censorship will lead to less harm overall than allowing access. First, it is worth reminding ourselves of the central interests in expression, deliberation, and
information, which can only be satisfied when there is a general free flow of expression. The benefits we receive from having these interests satisfied (and the harms from not having them satisfied) will not be easily overridden. Second, we have to ask ourselves not what in principle it might be good to censor. We have to ask ourselves what in actual practice would be the consequences of having policies in place that restrict access. It is at this point that “slippery slope” and “chilling effect” arguments might have some force.
Learning Expectation:
To know about peer-to-peer
Book Review:
What is censorship?
Censorship limits access to an expression, either by deterring the speaker from speaking or the hearer from receiving such speech. By an “expression” I mean anything that may be composed by one person and communicated to another. This includes such things as speeches, personal communications, books, and articles, compilations of data, artworks, photographs, and music.
For me, censorship is not bad. It has good and negative side. Of course, before settling the censorship there must a clear boarder line on what should be censored and should not be shown. There must be a guideline to be able to discern immediately the right and wrong.
The deliberative interest concerns our ability to revise and gain a deeper understanding of our individual and collectively held beliefs and commitments. This requires access to expressions of others, because of “the familiar fact that reflection on matters of human concern cannot be pursued in isolation.
Establishing rules for censorship is a very difficult task. It is like a diversified culture trying to be fair as much as possible. Also, the rules will be biased because every person has a different background in their values so at a certain rules there will be a biased decision or rules that will be set.
What I learned:
I have learned censorship is also an issue that must be discussed. There is a lot of issue that were being raise and also it is difficult to come up with the mean decision.
Integrative Question:
· What is censorship?
· What are its ethical issues?
· Do people get satisfaction whenever they mess with other people’s files?
· Is censorship ethical or not?
· Is it legal or moral?
Handbook – Chapter 23
Andrew Adnan Fortuna
10667652
ITETHIC
THE HANDBOOK OF INFORMATION AND COMPUTER ETHICS
Book Review: Intellectual Property: Legal and Moral
Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Handbook-Information-Computer-Ethics/dp/0471799599
Quote:
“Defenders of the unfettered use of P2P networks
come in many different stripes. But they typically
concur that the personal copying of protected
files on P2P networks is legally acceptable.
Some legal scholars in this camp maintain that
users who download files are not making copies
of those files but simply “sharing” digital information over a conduit.
Learning Expectation:
To know about peer-to-peer
Book Review:
What is File sharing or peer-to-peer network?
The technology at the center of these copyright disputes is a software that enables computer users to share digital files over a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. Although the P2P architecture is evolving, a genuine P2P network is still defined as the one in which “two or more computers share [files] without requiring separate server computer or server software” (Cope, 2002).
There is a range of economic theories that seek to understand the consequences of a broader or narrower definition of copyright infringement, and narrower or broader definitions of fair use, and tighter or looser plagiarism policies.
The use of a piece of intellectual property without the copyright holder’s permission (and therefore against his will) is unfair to that copyright holder since it violates his right to determine what is to be done with that property. And this unfair use of another’s intellectual property constitutes a form of theft (Grisez, 1997).
Moral Considerations
The utilitarian arguments for maintaining a strong legal tradition of secondary liability seem especially persuasive. Given the enormous difficulties of enforcing copyright protection by pursuing direct infringers and the threats posed to content providers by dynamic technologies such as P2P software, the need for this liability seems indisputable
What I learned:
I have learned that we can still able to copy a file as long as we do not reproduce it and sell it.
Integrative Question:
· What is moral considerations?
· What is file sharing?
· What is the other term for file sharing?
· What is Intellectual Property?
· Is it legal or moral?
Handbook – Chapter 22
Andrew Adnan Fortuna
10667652
ITETHIC
THE HANDBOOK OF INFORMATION AND COMPUTER ETHICS
Book Review: The Matter of Plagiarism: What, Why, and If
Internet Reference: http://www.amazon.com/Handbook-Information-Computer-Ethics/dp/0471799599
Quote:
“An expression is only plagiarism if it is unacceptable
on some established value. But we should
be careful to avoid the error of being overly
narrow in identifying any particular value or
standard as the basis for condemning an
expression as plagiarism.
Learning Expectation:
To know about plagiarism
Book Review:
Plagiarism
Plagiarism will be treated here very broadly as expression that improperly incorporates existing work either without authorization or without documentation, or both. The emphasis on impropriety is important.
In the simplest way in explaining this is that quoting something or writing something without citing the source.
LACK OF AUTHORIZATION—NATURAL OR MORAL RIGHTS
The title of the present section refers, perhaps misleadingly, to “natural” rights, a concept usually associated with Locke.s theory that a laborer has a claim to his or her labor, and consequently to items with which that labor is mixed.
It is like claiming something that you have said or done but the truth is that there were someone else has said that or claimed about it before the person who claimed it. For me, that is in contrast of moral rights.
There is a range of economic theories that seek to understand the consequences of a broader or narrower definition of copyright infringement, and narrower or broader definitions of fair use, and tighter or looser plagiarism policies.
What I learned:
I have learned that it is not always wrong to copy. There is at least a little boarder that allows you to have your own copy and that is called fair use.
Integrative Question:
· What is plagiarism?
· What are the specific grounds for action if caught plagiarizing?
· How can plagiarism be avoided?
· What are the ethical issues?
· What are the given consequences of plagiarizing?
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